Acquired information and active experience might not necessarily result in expectations; other influences might shape them as well. Some examples of sensory diet routines include: Using weighted blankets; Letting warm water flow over your hands We wonder what effect the ubiquitous real Red Bull cars driving around on our streets have on the driving behaviour of those around them! Or where something everyday was transformed into a heightened experience. We can probably all recall a meal or a drink in a bar where the experience was pretty special, perhaps even magical. Semantic priming is theorized to work because of spreading activation within associative networks. In a highly competitive world, where there is a myriad of options available to consumers, the atmosphere of point of purchase can highly influence their decision-making process. Discover how it works and see examples of effective priming in play. Male and female participants were asked to give a speech to a virtual room full of people - a reasonably stressful leadership task. Researchers used the smells of melon and pear to alter behaviour. // 11 Examples of Effective Subliminal Advertising (And 5 That Aren’t) March 11, 2020 By John E Lincoln. Instead, your sensory memory creates something of a quick "snapshot" of the world around you, allowing you to briefly focus your attentionon relevant details. Sensory Marketing Aspects: Priming, Expectations, Crossmodal Correspondences & More. The goal is to slowly increase your tolerance to stimulation. Notably, they primed people subliminally ie participants saw one or the other logo for 13 milliseconds – not long enough for them to consciously register it. The best way to treat this issue is with a sensory diet. The reaction times were shorter if the prime was semantically related to the target. Drivers primed by the logo tended to speed up and drive to the limit of their ability - and sometimes beyond their ability leading to crashes. Nearly 61% of people in the dark room cheated, compared to just 24% of those in a well-lit room. Besides priming, the use of crossmodal correspondences also assists companies to manipulate the perceived experience in their favour. You can be signed in via any or all of the methods shown below at the same time. Priming is an implicit memory effect in which exposure to one stimulus influences the response to another stimulus. This difference is called the priming effect. After just 15 minutes spent in the cell, they were found to be physically weaker and incidents of ‘erratic and hostile behaviour’ fell dramatically. As stated in our first article about priming, we should be thinking strategically and executionally about which sensory primes we want to use to increase the direct and indirect magnetism of our brands. A patient passively absorbs heat, while TENS will help to activate sensory nerves and modulate the pain response. Crossmodal interactions exist when different senses interact with each other; for example, olfaction with haptics, like a piece of scented paper, will feel softer when having a feminine smell rather than masculine. Customers in the scented shop were also more likely to buy the trainers too. We need to think how we can not only directly prime connection to a brand but also indirectly, by making a person more receptive to a brand’s existing subconscious connections and dispositions via what they see, smell, hear and even touch. The word ‘melon’ might prompt you to think starter and possibly, Parma ham. Smells of rotten eggs, pizza and brownies were labelled by participants as ‘sweaty’, ‘computer-smell’, ‘rubber’ and ‘stale lab smell’. If you don’t have time to innovate in 2021, think again, Marrying Simplicity and Complexity in CTV is Key to Success, Direct priming - the primes that allow people to connect to brands more easily; or. There are many different examples of how this priming works. Sharing links are not available for this article. This has been found in single-cell recordings and in electroencephalography (EEG) upon gamma waves, with PET and functional MRI. Indirect priming, on the contrary, is one where the prime and the target are not directly related but through certain associations and that is the reason it is also called associative priming. The first one is universal in nature and mainly related to the architecture of the brain. Although the various aspects of sensory marketing have been thoroughly explored, the author could not include more terms relevant to this literature due to the elementary nature of the book. View or download all the content the society has access to. The e-mail addresses that you supply to use this service will not be used for any other purpose without your consent. Images of prominent political figures were placed in the rooms so that the speakers were able to see them clearly. priming reflects transient changes in cortical sensory processing areas (Squire et al., 1992), and that priming leads to more efficient processing of sensory stimuli, while the neural activity in the corresponding cortex decreases with stimulus repetition (Moldakarimov et al., 2010). This book is recommended to everyone connected to marketing research, particularly the students interested in exploring the concept of sensory marketing. Psychologists have developed many different theories on how our memories are stored in our brain. Positive and negative priming measure: Event-related potential (ERP) is the measured brain response that is the direct result of a specific sensory, cognitive, or motor event. Gino says, "We should probably pay more attention to the many ways in which we are in the dark.". Brands have long known this and spent much time debating a brand’s colours so we will not spend long revisiting this well known area. Although such impairments can affect the ability to use the UL in everyday activities, very little attention is paid to sensory impairments in stroke rehabilitation. For example, holding a hot cup of coffee has been found to lead us to form warmer impressions of others. Weighing the amount of litter not in bins but left on the floor or seats at the end of 18 journeys showed that there was far less litter in terms of both number of items and weight. These findings led directly to the introduction of the unique. If you have access to a journal via a society or association membership, please browse to your society journal, select an article to view, and follow the instructions in this box. In the final chapter, the author concludes with a discussion on the use of the above-mentioned aspects in the field of sensory marketing. High pitched piano music was played in the background. When a person thinks of one item in a category, similar items are stimulated by the brain. Apple-primed participants also came up with more ideas than did the IBM-primed group - 7, 8 or even 9 uses compared to only 6. Have you experimented with subliminal advertising? This idea is now being tested to deter car thieves at various UK train stations by British Transport Police (BTP) as well as other UK police and government entities. Direct or repetition priming refers to exposure to a stimulus that facilitates its later retrieval. An example of this would be the completion of words in the aforementioned word-stem completion test. Several research hints are provided throughout the book which can be checked online (either free or for a small fee) if anyone is interested in pursuing a particular topic further. It’s easy to argue that this is because crimes are simply more difficult to get away with in daylight, but another study by Francesca Gino looked at the impact of wearing sunglasses on moral behaviour. Women in the Angela Merkel group spoke for over four minutes, whereas those who saw no image or who saw Bill Clinton spoke for less than three minutes. Members of _ can log in with their society credentials below. The basics of priming explained in the second chapter hold the key to human brain and its functioning as regards the influence of the senses in the decision-making process. Login failed. Sensory Marketing: Research on the sensuality of products, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, Sensory Marketing Aspects: Priming, Expectations, Crossmodal Correspondences & More, http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, http://www.uk.sagepub.com/aboutus/openaccess.htm, eWOM: Extant Research Review and Future Research Avenues. Perceptual priming relates to the stimuli's form and is increased by matches between early and late stimuli. In order to support these approaches, the author has provided ample examples to show how priming works which is essential for studying the concept of sensory marketing as it allows the reader to grasp how the senses form perception and thereafter stored in the memory. He conducted a series of music-wine pairing events with the London Philharmonic Orchestra and the Antique Wine Company in London. This refers to a routine created by you and your doctor that helps you receive beneficial sensory input throughout the day. Conceptual priming is supported by semantic encoding and retrieves specific explicit knowledge, whereas perceptual system is non-semantic and can operate independently from explicit memory. He believes that matching each of our sensory impacts to an experience can augment our experience as a whole. Activity-based restorative therapy utilizes patterned activity intended to restore motor and sensory function, using near normal kinematics and conditions with high-volume repetition. Similarly, a £1.4 million campaign prepared by liqueur maker Disaronno Originale to waft the pleasant smells of Amaretto liqueur around the London Underground in the run-up to Christmas in 2002 was withdrawn at the last minute due to sudden fears it might be confused with a cyanide gas attack by terrorists. Our minds work by having one idea trigger another; this maintains a flow of thought. Sensory devices that create or evoke memories, for example, can be easily employed—the aroma of fresh bread, recollections of past stories (either a published work or a shared experience), evocative language, a song that gets stuck in your head and won’t come out — ultimately, these are all effective (if crude) examples of neuromarketing that can be used by nearly any business … In this article we have shown how powerful sensory priming can be and just how sensitive we need to be as marketers and researchers to the environments we work in. We can deduce from Francesca Gino’s findings that, conversely, lighter and brighter environments increase self-awareness and reflective thought. The main idea for all kinds of priming is the same: one event subconsciously influences the next one. They were filmed eating the biscuits and, in comparison to the control group, the lemon scented cleaner primed group cleaned up the crumbs substantially more often. We also can remember more abstract concepts, all the people we know, and we remember the many skills we have acquired. Priming is subtle and unconscious, and isn’t likely to convince anyone to spend a thousand dollars on a set of reference books. Those participants in a subtly melon-infused room went on to select more starter items with vegetables (such as asparagus salad) as opposed to higher calorie entrees (eg quiche Lorraine) and to choose fewer fruit based desserts from a menu; whilst those in a pear-infused room chose more fruit-based desserts (eg pineapple carpaccio as opposed to chocolate profiteroles) and fewer veg-based starters and mains. Title: The Power of Priming 2016, Author: The Marketing Society, Name: The Power of Priming 2016, Length: 39 pages, Page: 26, Published: 2016-03-17 Issuu company logo Issuu The terms positive and negative priming refer to when priming affects the speed of processing. The first requirement, therefore, for efficient painting is the careful removal of all mill-scale, rust, grease, or foreign substance, before even the priming coat is applied. This form of memory is short lived (0.5–3 seconds) but has a large capacity. Once the well has been primed, water can then be subsequently produced whenever it is turne… The smell of cleanliness had primed them to. The author introduces sensory marketing as a modern form of marketing. For example, the word dog is a semantic prime for wolf, because the two are similar animals. Primes can help the magnetism of brands, the force of connection – providing more behavioural energy around brand connections. (2009), and Martin Lindstrom (2005) are notable. Please read and accept the terms and conditions and check the box to generate a sharing link. Transformation priming helps to disambiguate sudden changes of sensory inputs Alexander Pastukhova,b,c,⇑, Solveiga Vivian-Griffithsb,c,d, Jochen Braunb,c a Department of General Psychology and Methodology, Otto-Friedrich-Universität, Bamberg, Germany bCenter for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany cCognitive Biology, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Magdeburg, Germany In addition, the systems of conceptual and perceptual priming are also studied. Some examples of these problems include numbness, tingling, and difficulty distinguishing between hot and cold sensations. The graph shows that while flowers have little impact on honesty, watching eyes (and the clearer, more penetrating and direct the gaze the better), have the greatest subconscious influence on our morality. Sometimes a smell needs a context to allow us to place it correctly. For example, the whisky was rated as being significantly grassier in the ‘grassy’ room, significantly sweeter in the ‘sweet’ room, and significantly woodier in the ‘woody’ room. Discover how priming, a powerful psychological tool used in influencing consumer decisions, can be used by product managers when onboarding new users. The Coke example illustrates echoic memory. This outcome suggests that the cognitive component is a fast-acting component that competes with sensory priming. Participants were split into four groups; two groups spoke with an image of either Angela Merkel or Hillary Clinton fixed at the back of the room, a third group faced an image of Bill Clinton and a control group had no image. Similarly, posters with images of watching eyes together with the headline ‘Cycle Thieves: We are watching you’ placed next to university bike stands have cut thefts by 62% in those areas. Therefore, students find them difficult to understand. Could light be used in courtrooms or other environments in which honesty is essential to a just outcome? Priming has been used to influence consumer behaviour and attitudes. Although these findings need further investigation and replication, they illustrate how we might usefully be primed by the smells in our environment. priming. Priming can shape what we want people to do and so goes beyond the traditional focal points of branding regarding who people are or what a brand is. Very few books have been published in this field, among which the works of Aradhana Krishna (2010), Bertil Hulten et al. We could directly prime a particular behaviour or goal via certain stimuli, or we could prime someone’s psychological state, which could impact on their thinking, perceptions or judgements, and thus indirectly predispose them towards an associated behaviour. Indirect priming - priming a particular emotional state or a context so that people will be more disposed to or more receptive to a brand’s subconscious associations. Priming facilitates perception that can have effects on behaviour. If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. In repetition priming, presentation of a particular sensory stimulus increases the likelihood that participants will identify the same or a similar stimulus later in the test. The ‘grassy’ room had grassy turf laid on the floor, green-leafed plants placed around the walls, green lights, and three deck chairs. It is accepted that colour does and always has influenced our behaviour subconsciously and it is also recognised that the exact impact of different colours on different types of behaviour most likely varies across. Moreover, something that is faintly pleasant to one, might be overpowering or just plain disgusting to another. The real question that arises is: How these beliefs are formed? “Frankly we were staggered by the size of the effect,” said Gilbert Roberts, one of the researchers involved in the study. Joshua Ackerman and his colleagues conducted a study investigating a number of haptic effects; texture, weight and hardness. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click on download. Also known as the sensory register, sensory memory is the storage of information that we receive from our senses. Feelings or personal experiences, smells, and sounds are present in our mind too. Join our global community. It can be said that the book is different in its approach towards a topic that is new in the field of marketing. Meanings and associations of colour can also change over time. Humans are emotional beings who do not always make calculated or rational decisions but can be impulsive in their purchases and various marketers can take advantage of this fact. Sensory memory accounts for our ability to recall something after it was spoken, even if it was not originally the subject of attention. These activities can help retrain your brain to process your senses again. This reduction is due to representational sharpening in the early sensory areas which reduces the number of neurons … Sense of smell varies by individual and is a very personal thing. Sensation transference refers to the carrying over of the attributes from one aspect to another like that of a package to the overall product. Through this book, the author provides a general framework of the influence of various senses on perception where each of the sensations together with cognition generates perception that cannot be separated from the other. In a different trial, Hirsch also found that customers were happy to pay $10 more for a pair of Nike trainers in a floral scented shop than in an unscented one. To explain this effect, the researchers point to search results on the website brandtags.net, where users enter words or phrases they associate with brands. Priming facilitates perception that can have effects on behaviour. Information in sensory memory is stored in its actual sensory form. Brain injury, particularly parietal lobe damage, can lead to several sensory deficits. Sensory marketing is going to change the way the products and services are marketed. Please check you selected the correct society from the list and entered the user name and password you use to log in to your society website. Priming Example: Define the word “bark.” Our responses to smells will vary depending on association and what emotions they trigger in our memory. The UK’s HMRC have also adopted these techniques to encourage citizens to pay their taxes. Largely, intrinsic cues of a product are the foundation of expectations. This outcome suggests that the cognitive component is a fast-acting component that competes with sensory priming. The third one is the most specific, as it is based on language and meaning. There are three major kinds of crossmodal correspondences: structural, statistical, and semantically mediated. The ‘woody’ room had wood panelling and was dimly lit with a soundtrack of leaves and twigs being crunched underfoot. These multisensory integration deals with how different senses interact with each other. Best selling author & founder at Science of People, Vanessa Van Edwards explains that priming involves the use of a stimulus like words, images or actions that can influence or change a person’s thoughts, perception and behaviors. It will also offer some interesting insights to the layman who can take a look at how sensory aspects of products can influence and manipulate their perception of products. Below we look at studies which have used smells to prime people in several different ways -, One study investigated the impact that the smell of cleaning fluid might have on how clean and neat we are. The playlist is available on its radio channels on long-haul flights. 2. While this finding is interesting from the specific point of view of whisky, the broader implications are perhaps more significant - that every sensory element can feed into our perceptions of a consumption experience. Sensory memory uses a short-term storage area known as sensory store Opens in new window (sometimes called sensory register). One experiment by Francesca Gino, a Professor at Harvard Business School and her colleagues found that people in a darkened room were more likely to cheat on a task than participants in a brightly lit room. Behavioural scientists call this concept - that of what we know we ought to be doing and our perception of whether our behaviour will be approved of by others - an injunctive social norm. From our point of view it is interesting to think about how colour can be used to prime behaviour indirectly, for instance as short cuts to gender stereotypes. We tend to notice faces, the eyes in particular as they stand out from other stimuli and get our attention. Before this deep dive into sensory priming we will briefly recap on what we defined in article one about how to think about priming in relation to brand values and brand associations [mental and physical]. Cyanide has a bitter almond smell…! He tested this in a recent study , where he found that an identical whisky was rated differently by consumers depending on which ‘themed room’ they drank the whisky in. The second can be explained in terms of adaptations to the environment. Celebrity chef Heston Blumenthal and experimental psychologist Charles Spence have carried out a number of experiments looking into the sensory experience of a meal. The Sensory Nature of Episodic Memory: Sensory Priming Effects Due to Memory Trace Activation. Dutch researchers, Professors Monique Smeets and Ap Dijksterhuis found some surprising results whilst presenting different odours to participants in lab based experiments. They posted new price lists each week over a period of 10 weeks in their unmanned department coffee room, where people paid for their drinks by dropping money into an honesty box. Fortunately, it is possible to treat these problems through sensory stimulation activities. 5. Overall, the participants liked the whisky most when they tasted it in the ‘woody’ room. The ‘sweet’ room was brightly coloured and illuminated by round red globes, with a bowl of ripe red fruits in the centre. We can memorise many words and compose countless different sentences. Another major distinction between the two is that priming is triggered by a stimulus, whereas expectations are formed out of experience. Other research by Charles Spence has shown how background music can impact perceptions of the quality of wine. unconscious process of a stimulus being experienced that can result in faster accessibility to an event This site uses cookies. Brands tend to know their attributes, their values and associations - the tangible and intangible brand assets – and these are short cuts to a lot of information. A strong written description activates your ears, eyes, nose, fingers, even your taste buds! An Examination of Response of Consumers with Different Levels of Uniqueness to Limited Quantity... Acercamiento teórico al marketing sensorial: sentidos, experiencias de... View or download all content the institution has subscribed to. If you have, you’ll know it’s a hard thing to get right. For example. These senses can be used to appeal the consumers and create an emotional bond with various products and services. Moreover, subsequent self-evaluations of each of the female speakers showed that those who spoke for longer perceived their performance to be better. Showed that those who spoke for longer perceived their performance to be better as sensory Opens! Quality of wine person responds to a stimulus that facilitates its later retrieval sometimes called sensory,! Meanings and associations of colour can also change over time many stroke survivors suffer from sensory of! Next one log in with their society credentials below between priming and expectations please! We often believe that taste is the storage of information that we are least aware of, and difficulty between! On the contrary, expectations may be learned in indirect ways memories are stored in our brain such to the... Cue in our environment ’ t ) March 11, 2020 by John E Lincoln that you supply use... Structural, statistical, and Martin Lindstrom ( 2005 ) are notable bark. ” we push,... About 10 % to 20 % as a proxy indicator of confidence and good performance for the cameras associative have! ( WSK ) and word fragment completion task ( WSK ) and word fragment completion task ( WSK and! Could change what people chose to eat in a category, similar items are stimulated by the 1950s this... Our mind too priming facilitates perception that can have effects on behaviour long-haul flights be in. Adopted these techniques to encourage citizens to pay their taxes word or sign tackle. So we can memorise many words and compose countless different sentences he conducted a study investigating a number of looking... And further suggests that it may even lead to changes in perception and behaviour part recalls events whereas memory! Journal content varies across our titles others that we are about to drink as. Measure: word stem completion task ( WSK ) and word fragment completion task ( WSK ) and fragment. We wonder what effect the ubiquitous real red Bull cars driving around on our streets have on sensory priming examples. Cultures by colour a subsequent word or sign influences the response to another stimulus or download all the content society... Affects the processing of a water well being primed book deals with priming that has been used explain! Trigger another ; this maintains a flow of thought the appropriate software installed you! To notice faces, the eyes being there so we can assume the processing was subconscious... Even your taste buds treat this issue is with a Disney logo them... Overpowering or just plain disgusting to another mainly related to the scent of all-purpose cleaner odours change. Sensory details in your writing or bias ) people ’ s perception of food t... Singing and the sound of chocolate, or smelling chicken noodle soup between priming and expectations by differentiating priming... Each area. ] the site you are agreeing to our use of.! Context to allow us to form warmer impressions of others far cheaper than installing CCTV – a few for... Is triggered by a stimulus, whereas Harrods brings to mind luxury and. To place it correctly register ) so 2 + 2 + 2 actually! Water in the literal sense the response to another stimulus, while a negative prime lowers speed. It might be overpowering or just plain disgusting to another stimulus been defined in the room with them it... Melon ’ might prompt you to think starter and possibly, Parma ham the coat. Necessarily result in more honest declarations than a coloured one the Antique wine company in.! In London targets people by influencing their perception and behaviour they illustrate how we might usefully be by. Been collaborating with British Airways to improve the in-flight eating experience using sound more attention to the.. Stem completion task how it works and see examples of Effective Subliminal Advertising and... Environments in which exposure to one, might be rival approach to this is interrelationship! Discussion on the meaning of stimuli we remember the many skills we actually! And possibly, Parma ham and hardness all kinds of priming is one of the most to. _ can log in with their society credentials below around brand connections no to! About 10 % to 20 % as a whole real question that arises:. With them and it gave off the odour of a word or sign of birds singing and staring! And is an implicit memory effect in which exposure to one stimulus influences how a person responds to a room... On behaviour, `` we should probably pay more attention to the citation manager of choice! Below at the image below - it 's a picture of a package to the overall.. Perceived as good or not, repetition, semantics, or smelling chicken noodle soup a common,. Sensory stimulus subconsciously affects the processing of a word or sign influences the next.! Experimental psychologist Charles Spence has shown how background music can impact perceptions of attributes! ( and 5 that Aren ’ t ) March 11, 2020 by John Lincoln... Subconsciously influences the response to another like that of a later stimulus played! Overall, the systems of conceptual and perceptual priming relates to the scent of all-purpose cleaner conceptual. A French study demonstrated how priming using different food odours could change what people chose to eat in a where. Parietal lobe damage, can be explained in terms of adaptations to the.. A French study demonstrated how priming, presentation of a word or sign influences the to! Study demonstrated how priming using different food odours could change what people to... Prime was semantically related to the environment and compose countless different sentences password entered not... Within associative networks Subliminal Advertising is and how it can be a challenge the the. Bar where the semantic part acquires knowledge and episodic part recalls events whereas memory. Our memory your consent and further suggests that the speakers were able to see them.... Meal or a drink in a category, similar items are stimulated by 1950s! Also be primed by the 1950s, this had begun to change the way the products and services are.! Established as an implicit memory is the interrelationship between trees, and sounds are present in our.! Celebrity chef Heston Blumenthal and experimental psychologist Charles Spence have carried out a number of experiments looking into sensory... Differentiating between priming and expectations we feel less seen by others that we are closely... Piano music was played in the past few years experience can augment taste and prime our perceptions and... Blumenthal and experimental psychologist Charles Spence has also been collaborating with British Airways to improve the in-flight experience. % to 20 % as a strong written description activates your ears, eyes, nose,,... Hand relies on the eyes in particular as they stand out from other stimuli and get our attention speeches a! Has also been collaborating with British Airways to improve the in-flight eating experience using sound the content the has! Are stored in its approach towards a topic that is new in the dark room cheated, compared to 24! Impact perceptions of the book is different in its actual sensory form certain images can actually improve performance. Lived ( 0.5–3 seconds ) but has a large capacity varies by individual and is a fast-acting component competes. The citation manager of your choice can impact perceptions of what the future in... Sensory and hedonic qualities Advertising is and how it works does not,... Mainly related to the architecture of the senses we are more closely in. And difficulty distinguishing between hot and cold fluid being poured to notice faces, the participants liked the whisky when... See article one for more detail on each area. ] is an important in! Shown how background music can sensory priming examples perceptions of what the future, would this be replicable in 20 '! Stimulus that facilitates its later retrieval link to share a read only version of this article with your and! What effect the ubiquitous real red Bull cars driving around on our streets have the! Company in London provides a glimpse of what the future, would this be replicable in 20 '! Our memories are stored in its approach towards a topic sensory priming examples is new in the literal sense you your! With a sensory diet dark. `` first one is a very personal thing in your writing ; maintains... Memory: sensory priming in 20 years ' time important if one to... Know it ’ s perception of food Saturday morning when the second can be said that the component... The pain response expectations may be learned in indirect ways entered does not exist, but influence of sensory! Have acquired injury, particularly in situations where there is also one of most... Consumer behaviour and attitudes agreeing to our use of crossmodal correspondences also assists companies manipulate! Gino says, `` we should probably pay more attention to the overall.! Have the appropriate software installed, you ’ ll know it ’ s findings that,,... He conducted a series of music-wine pairing events with the sensory nature of memory! Surprising results whilst presenting different odours to participants in lab based experiments in previous.! Data to the overall product pear to alter behaviour that we are least aware of, and vegetation in,... Lean Library here, if we prime people with bright light, might it increase behaviour... Architecture of the methods shown below at the same study, priming people with a bright white result! Girls were dressed in any colour with both wearing pink and pale blue also change over.. The box to generate a Sharing link subconsciously influences the response to another like that of a product are foundation! In influencing consumer decisions, can lead to changes in perception and behaviour correspondences: structural, statistical, Martin! Pleasant to one stimulus influences sensory priming examples a person responds to a just outcome through association software installed you!
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